Building a new deck is an exciting home improvement project, but choosing the right material can be overwhelming with so many options available. From traditional pressure-treated wood to modern composite and PVC decking, each material offers distinct benefits and challenges to consider before making your investment.
The ideal deck material for your project depends on your specific climate conditions, maintenance preferences, budget constraints, and aesthetic goals. We’ve helped hundreds of Canadian homeowners navigate these choices over our 25 years in the business, and understand how crucial this decision is for long-term satisfaction with your outdoor living space.
Weather in Canada varies dramatically from coast to coast, making material selection even more important for durability and performance. Whether you’re dealing with coastal humidity in British Columbia, harsh winters in Ontario, or extreme temperature fluctuations in Alberta, your local climate should be a primary consideration when selecting between wood, composite, PVC, or exotic hardwoods like Ipe.
Key Takeaways
- Choose based on your local climate, maintenance preferences, and budget rather than trends or initial cost alone.
- Composites and PVC generally offer lower maintenance while natural woods provide traditional aesthetics at varying price points.
- Consider the total lifetime cost including maintenance, durability, and warranty coverage when comparing deck material options.
Understanding Deck Material Options
Selecting the right deck material impacts everything from appearance and maintenance to longevity and budget. Each option offers unique advantages that might make it perfect for your specific needs and environment.
Composite Decking
Composite decking combines wood fibres with recycled plastic to create a durable, low-maintenance deck material. We’ve installed hundreds of composite decks that continue to look fantastic years later with minimal upkeep.
The primary benefits include resistance to:
- Rotting and warping
- Insect damage
- Splintering
- Fading (in higher-quality products)
Most composite decking requires only occasional cleaning with soap and water. No staining or sealing is needed, making it ideal for busy homeowners.
Composite comes in various colours and textures, many mimicking natural wood grain. While the upfront cost is higher than traditional wood (typically $8-15 per square foot), the reduced maintenance costs often make it more economical long-term.
Modern composites have improved significantly in heat resistance, though they can still become warmer than natural wood on hot summer days.
PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride) Decking
PVC decking represents the ultimate in low-maintenance decking solutions. It contains no organic material, making it completely impervious to moisture, insects, and rot.
PVC decks offer exceptional durability with virtually no maintenance requirements beyond occasional cleaning. We’ve found them particularly suitable for pools and waterfront properties due to their moisture resistance.
These decks typically carry the longest warranties in the industry—often 25-50 years. The material is lightweight yet surprisingly strong and resistant to scratching and staining.
The aesthetic quality of PVC has improved dramatically in recent years. Many products now feature realistic wood grain textures and rich colour variations.
Cost-wise, PVC ranks at the premium end ($10-18 per square foot), but many clients find the virtually maintenance-free performance worth the investment. It’s also 100% recyclable, making it an environmentally responsible choice.
Ipe (Brazilian Walnut) Decking
Ipe represents the gold standard in natural hardwood decking. This Brazilian hardwood boasts incredible density and natural oils that make it remarkably resistant to decay, insects, and harsh weather.
The rich, chocolate-brown colour deepens to a distinguished silver-grey patina if left untreated. We’ve installed Ipe decks that have lasted over 40 years with proper maintenance.
Its natural fire resistance exceeds that of most building materials, earning it the same fire rating as concrete and steel. Ipe is also incredibly dense, making it resistant to scratches and dents.
Maintenance includes annual cleaning and oil treatment to preserve colour, though this is optional if you prefer the weathered look. The cost typically ranges from $15-25 per square foot, reflecting its premium quality and sustainability.
Ipe harvesting raises environmental concerns, so we source only from suppliers with proper Forest Stewardship Council certification.
Traditional Wood Decking
Pressure-treated lumber remains the most budget-friendly and widely used decking material. It’s chemically treated to resist rot, insects, and fungal decay.
The initial cost ranges from $3-6 per square foot, making it appealing for larger projects or limited budgets. However, we always ensure clients understand the maintenance requirements.
Wood decks need regular:
- Cleaning (annually)
- Sealing or staining (every 2-3 years)
- Inspection for warped or split boards
- Replacement of damaged sections as needed
Cedar and redwood provide natural alternatives with built-in resistance to insects and decay. They offer beautiful grain patterns and natural warmth that manufactured materials struggle to match.
Annual maintenance costs and time commitment should factor into your decision. Many homeowners enjoy the tradition of deck maintenance, while others prefer materials requiring less attention.
Factors for Selecting the Right Material
Choosing the correct material for your deck involves balancing several crucial elements that will impact your satisfaction with the final project. The perfect decking material varies for each homeowner based on specific needs, location, and priorities.
Durability and Lifespan
Durability should be at the top of your checklist when selecting decking materials. Each option offers different resistance levels to the harsh Canadian climate we experience throughout the year.
Composite decking typically lasts 25-30 years and resists fading, staining, and scratching better than most alternatives. Many manufacturers back these products with 25+ year warranties.
PVC decking offers exceptional longevity, often exceeding 30 years. It won’t splinter, crack, or suffer from insect damage like traditional wood.
Ipe and other hardwoods naturally resist decay and can last 40+ years when properly maintained. They handle our freezing winters and hot summers remarkably well.
Pressure-treated wood, while more affordable, generally lasts 10-15 years before significant deterioration begins. Cedar and redwood fall in the middle range with 15-20 year lifespans.
Consider your local weather conditions carefully. Areas with heavy rainfall or snowfall require materials with superior moisture resistance.
Maintenance Requirements
The time and money you’re willing to invest in upkeep should heavily influence your decking choice.
Composite decking requires minimal maintenance—just occasional cleaning with soap and water. No sanding, staining, or sealing is needed, making it perfect for busy homeowners.
PVC decking is virtually maintenance-free. Its solid polymer construction means it never needs sealing or staining. Simple washing a few times yearly keeps it looking new.
Ipe and hardwoods require annual or bi-annual oiling to maintain their rich colour and prevent cracking. Without this treatment, they’ll naturally weather to a silvery grey.
Pressure-treated lumber demands the most attention. We recommend sanding, staining, and sealing every 1-2 years to extend its life and maintain appearance.
For seasonal cottages or vacation properties, low-maintenance options often make more sense due to limited time available for upkeep.
Aesthetic Appeal
Your deck should complement your home’s architecture and reflect your personal style preferences.
Composite decking offers the widest variety of colours and finishes. Modern options include realistic wood grain patterns and multi-tonal streaking that closely mimic natural wood. Many of our clients appreciate the consistent appearance that won’t fade significantly over time.
PVC decking provides a clean, uniform look with solid colours or subtle grain patterns. It maintains its appearance longer than any other option without fading.
Ipe and exotic hardwoods showcase unmatched natural beauty with rich, deep tones and interesting grain patterns. Each board is unique, creating a truly custom appearance.
Traditional cedar and pressure-treated wood offer that classic, authentic wood appearance that many homeowners desire. Their natural warmth and character cannot be perfectly duplicated by synthetic materials.
Consider bringing home samples to view in your actual outdoor lighting conditions before making a final decision.
Environmental Impact
Sustainability concerns influence many of our clients’ decking material choices.
Composite decking typically contains recycled materials (often 95%+ recycled content), including plastic bags and reclaimed wood fibre. This diverts waste from landfills. However, these products are not biodegradable at end-of-life.
| Material | Recycled Content | Biodegradable | Carbon Footprint |
|---|---|---|---|
| Composite | 30-95% | No | Medium |
| PVC | 0-30% | No | High |
| Ipe | 0% | Yes | High (shipping) |
| Cedar/PT | 0% | Yes | Low-Medium |
PVC decking has the highest environmental impact during manufacturing but lasts decades longer than wood alternatives. Some manufacturers now offer partially recycled PVC options.
Ipe and exotic hardwoods raise concerns about rainforest deforestation. We only source from certified sustainable forestry operations with proper documentation, though shipping distances increase carbon footprint.
Cedar and local woods offer the smallest carbon footprint when harvested responsibly, especially when sourced from Canadian forests with strict replanting requirements.
Cost Considerations
Budget reality often guides the final decking material decision for most of our clients.
Initial costs vary significantly between options:
- Pressure-treated lumber: $3-5 per square foot
- Cedar/redwood: $7-10 per square foot
- Composite decking: $8-12 per square foot
- PVC decking: $10-15 per square foot
- Ipe and exotic hardwoods: $15-25+ per square foot
However, looking at lifetime cost provides a more accurate picture. When we factor in maintenance expenses and longevity, composite and PVC often become more economical despite higher upfront costs.
For pressure-treated wood, add approximately $2-4 per square foot in maintenance costs every 1-2 years. This adds up significantly over its shorter lifespan.
We often recommend setting aside 5-10% of your total budget for unexpected costs regardless of material choice. Hidden structural issues or specialty fasteners can increase project costs.
Financing options and manufacturer promotions can make premium materials more accessible. Many of our suppliers offer 0% financing programs during certain seasons.
Assessing Climate and Usage
Your local environment and expected deck use are crucial factors in selecting the right decking material. Different materials perform better in specific climates and can handle varying levels of foot traffic and weight loads.
Weather Resistance
In Canadian climates with harsh winters and humid summers, material selection becomes even more critical. Composite decking typically performs well in areas with significant precipitation and temperature fluctuations. These products resist warping, cracking, and fading better than traditional wood.
PVC decking offers superior moisture resistance, making it ideal for homes near lakes or in coastal regions where humidity is high. It won’t absorb water, preventing mould growth and rot.
Ipe and other tropical hardwoods naturally resist moisture and insects but may require more maintenance in extremely wet environments.
Traditional pressure-treated wood requires more frequent maintenance in harsh Canadian climates. We recommend applying a water-repellent sealer annually to protect against our freeze-thaw cycles.
For cottages or seasonal properties, consider materials that can withstand periods of disuse without deteriorating.
Foot Traffic and Load Capacity
Heavy usage areas like main walkways, dining spaces, and stairs demand more durable materials. Composite and PVC options vary in density and strength, so we recommend checking the manufacturer’s load ratings before purchasing.
High-density composites can support more weight and resist scratching from furniture and pet claws. Some premium lines offer enhanced surface technology for better grip when wet—an important feature for pool decks.
For weight capacity comparison:
| Material | Average Load Capacity | Best For |
|---|---|---|
| PVC | High | Heavy furniture, hot tubs |
| Composite | Medium-High | Family use, frequent entertaining |
| Ipe/Hardwood | Very High | All applications, structural elements |
| Pressure-Treated | Medium | Standard residential use |
Deck frames must be built to appropriate joist spacing based on your material choice. Hardwoods and some composites allow wider joist spacing, potentially reducing lumber costs during construction.
Installation and Labour
The material you select for your deck significantly impacts the installation process, required tools, and overall labour costs. Different decking options demand varying levels of expertise and time investment to ensure proper installation and longevity.
Ease of Installation
Composite decking offers a relatively straightforward installation process with its uniform dimensions and specialized fastening systems. Many brands feature tongue-and-groove edges or hidden fastener systems that create a clean, seamless look. Composite boards are typically lighter than hardwoods, making them easier to manoeuvre.
PVC decking shares many installation advantages with composite materials. The lightweight nature of PVC makes it particularly easy to handle on-site. Most systems come with specific fasteners designed for quick installation without pre-drilling.
Ipe and other exotic hardwoods present more installation challenges. These dense woods require pre-drilling to prevent splitting, which adds significant time to the installation process. The weight of these materials also makes them more difficult to handle.
Traditional pressure-treated wood remains the most DIY-friendly option for those with basic carpentry skills. It’s easily cut with standard tools and accepts screws without special pre-drilling in most cases.
Tools and Expertise Required
Composite and PVC installations typically require specialized fasteners and occasionally proprietary tools provided by manufacturers. We recommend having a good compound mitre saw with a fine-toothed blade for clean cuts. Basic carpentry knowledge is sufficient, though understanding the expansion and contraction properties is essential.
Hardwoods like Ipe demand more specialized equipment. You’ll need carbide-tipped saw blades, pre-drilling capabilities, and often specialized hardwood fasteners. The dense nature of these woods dulls standard blades quickly. We strongly advise hiring professionals for hardwood deck installation unless you have advanced woodworking experience.
Traditional wood decking requires standard carpentry tools: circular saw, drill, hammer, and level. While it’s the most accessible for DIYers, proper installation still requires attention to detail for spacing, fastening, and sealing end cuts to prevent premature rot.
Warranty and Long-term Service
When investing in a new deck, understanding the warranty coverage is just as important as selecting the right material. Different deck materials come with vastly different warranty terms that can significantly impact your long-term satisfaction.
Composite Decking typically offers the most robust warranties in the industry. Most premium manufacturers provide 25-30 year warranties that cover fading, staining and structural integrity. Companies like Trex and TimberTech even offer transferable warranties, which can add value when selling your home.
PVC Decking warranties are similarly impressive, with many manufacturers offering lifetime limited warranties against defects and 25+ years of fade and stain protection. We’ve found these warranties tend to be quite comprehensive as manufacturers are confident in their product’s performance.
Wood options present a different warranty situation:
| Material | Typical Warranty |
|---|---|
| Pressure-Treated | 15-30 years against rot and insect damage |
| Cedar | Limited or none from manufacturers |
| Ipe | Limited or none from manufacturers |
Natural woods typically come with fewer manufacturer guarantees, though pressure-treated lumber does include protection against structural failure from insect damage or rot.
It’s crucial to read the fine print of any warranty. Many require specific installation methods, approved fasteners, and regular maintenance to remain valid. Some warranties only cover materials, not labour costs for replacement.
We always provide our clients with copies of manufacturer warranties and our own workmanship guarantee. This documentation becomes valuable should you need service in the future.
Remember that a warranty is only as good as the company behind it. Established manufacturers with decades in business offer more reliable long-term service than newer companies that might not be around to honour their promises.
Deciding on Colours and Finishes
Once you’ve selected your deck material, choosing the right colour and finish is your next crucial decision. Colour affects not only the visual appeal but also practical considerations like heat absorption and maintenance needs.
For Composite and PVC Decking:
- Solid colours: Grey, brown, tan, white
- Wood-grain patterns: Cedar, redwood, teak appearances
- Variegated finishes: Multi-toned boards that mimic natural wood variation
We recommend requesting samples of your top choices and viewing them in your outdoor space at different times of day. Lighting drastically affects how colours appear, and what looks perfect in the showroom might not suit your home’s exterior.
Dark colours absorb more heat, which is worth considering in our Canadian climate. While this can be pleasant during cooler months, these decks can become uncomfortably hot during summer days.
For Natural Woods:
- Clear sealers: Preserve natural appearance
- Semi-transparent stains: Add colour while showing grain
- Solid stains: Maximum UV protection, hide imperfections
We typically suggest testing stains on inconspicuous areas first. Some woods like cedar and ipe look stunning with just a clear sealer that enhances their natural beauty.
Remember that finishes aren’t just decorative—they provide essential protection. Quality finishes extend your deck’s lifespan by protecting against moisture, UV damage, and temperature fluctuations common in our Canadian climate.
Safety and Building Codes Compliance
When selecting deck materials, safety should be your top priority. Building codes vary across Canadian municipalities, but they all exist to protect homeowners and their guests from potential hazards.
We recommend checking with local building authorities before starting your project. Most regions require permits for deck construction, especially for structures above a certain height or attached to your home.
Material-specific safety considerations:
- Wood – Traditional lumber requires regular maintenance to prevent splintering and structural decay. Cedar and pressure-treated wood must be properly sealed to avoid chemical leaching.
- Composite – Most composite decking is slip-resistant and splinter-free, making it safer for bare feet and children.
- PVC – Offers excellent fire resistance compared to wood options, though can become slippery when wet without proper texturing.
- Ipe – Naturally fire-resistant and extremely durable, but can be slippery when wet without proper finishing.
Proper fastening systems are crucial regardless of material choice. We always use code-compliant hardware and follow manufacturer specifications for installation.
Remember that railings must meet specific height and spacing requirements. In most Canadian jurisdictions, deck railings must be at least 36 inches high with balusters spaced no more than 4 inches apart to prevent children from falling through.
Load-bearing capacity differs between materials. We calculate appropriate joist spacing based on your chosen decking to ensure structural integrity and compliance with local codes.
Slip resistance becomes particularly important in our Canadian climate where snow and ice are seasonal concerns. Materials with textured surfaces provide better traction during our winter months.
Selecting a Deck Builder or Contractor
Finding the right contractor for your deck project is as crucial as selecting the proper materials. We recommend interviewing at least three qualified deck builders before making your decision. This approach gives you a better understanding of pricing, timelines, and professional expertise.
Check credentials thoroughly before hiring. Ensure your contractor is licensed, insured, and has experience with your chosen deck material. Many municipalities in Canada require specific permits for deck construction, and experienced builders will handle this process efficiently.
Questions to ask potential deck builders:
- How many years have you been building decks?
- Can you provide references from similar projects?
- Are you familiar working with my chosen material (composite, PVC, Ipe, etc.)?
- What warranties do you offer on your workmanship?
- Will you obtain all necessary permits?
Always request detailed written quotes that specify materials, labour costs, and project timelines. Vague estimates often lead to unpleasant surprises later in the project.
We strongly advise examining a contractor’s previous work. Quality deck builders will proudly showcase their portfolio and may even arrange visits to completed projects.
Be wary of significantly lower bids than average. While everyone appreciates saving money, unusually low quotes often indicate corners being cut or inexperience with premium materials like composites or tropical hardwoods.
Communication style matters tremendously. The contractor you choose should be responsive, clear, and willing to answer your questions throughout the project.
Frequently Asked Questions
Building a deck involves many important decisions about materials, especially when considering your local climate, budget, and maintenance preferences. We’ve compiled answers to the most common questions our clients ask during the consultation process.
What are the key factors to consider when selecting materials for a deck exposed to substantial sunlight?
For sun-exposed decks, heat retention and UV resistance are critical considerations. Composite decking can become quite hot in direct sunlight, sometimes reaching uncomfortable temperatures for bare feet.
PVC decking typically performs better in high-sun environments as it reflects more heat than composite options. Some manufacturers now offer “cool deck” technology specifically designed to reduce surface temperatures by up to 30%.
If you’re dealing with intense sun exposure, lighter colours will absorb less heat regardless of material. We often recommend testing sample materials in your specific location before making a final decision.
Could you elaborate on the cost differential between PVC decking and composite materials?
PVC decking generally costs 15-25% more than comparable composite options in the Canadian market. For a standard 400-square-foot deck, expect to pay $7,000-$9,000 for quality composite materials versus $8,500-$11,000 for PVC.
This price difference reflects PVC’s advanced performance characteristics, including superior stain and scratch resistance. Many of our clients find the additional investment worthwhile when considering the longer lifespan and reduced maintenance.
Remember that installation costs remain similar regardless of material choice. The real cost differential comes in long-term maintenance, where PVC typically requires less upkeep and fewer replacement costs over time.
What are the pros and cons associated with composite versus wood decking?
Composite decking offers exceptional durability with minimal maintenance requirements. It resists rot, insects, and warping while providing consistent appearance year after year. However, it typically costs 2-3 times more than pressure-treated wood initially and can feel artificial to some homeowners.
Wood decking provides natural beauty and a warm, authentic feel underfoot. Cedar and pressure-treated options cost significantly less upfront than composites. The downside is substantial maintenance including annual cleaning, staining or sealing every 2-3 years, and potential board replacements.
Environmental considerations differ as well. Quality composites often contain recycled materials, while sustainable wood options like cedar from managed forests represent renewable resources. We find clients’ preferences often depend on their priority between initial cost and long-term maintenance.
In terms of durability and maintenance, how do PVC and composite decking materials compare?
PVC decking offers superior stain and scratch resistance compared to most composite options. Its solid construction (versus hollow or partially hollow composites) provides excellent structural integrity and typically carries longer warranties, often 30+ years.
Composite decking requires slightly more maintenance than PVC but still far less than wood. Most quality composites need only occasional cleaning with soap and water. Early generation composites were prone to fading and staining, but modern options have vastly improved performance.
Both materials will last 25+ years with proper installation and basic care. The maintenance difference lies primarily in PVC’s superior resistance to common issues like food stains, scratches from furniture, and fading from UV exposure. For busy families or rental properties, this advantage often justifies PVC’s higher price point.
What decking alternatives exist that provide comparable aesthetics to wood without the same level of upkeep?
Modified wood products like Kebony and Thermally Modified Wood offer the authentic look and feel of natural wood with significantly improved durability. These products undergo special treatment processes that enhance stability and resistance to rot without chemical preservatives.
Aluminium decking has gained popularity in Canada, especially in areas prone to wildfire or extreme weather. Modern aluminium options feature realistic wood grain textures and come in various colours. They offer exceptional durability, zero maintenance, and complete fire resistance.
Porcelain deck tiles provide another low-maintenance alternative with the appearance of wood or stone. These are particularly well-suited for rooftop decks, balconies, or areas where water drainage is a concern. Their ability to withstand freeze-thaw cycles makes them appropriate for our Canadian climate.
Can you discuss the long-term value and performance of different outdoor decking materials?
Wood decking typically offers the lowest initial investment but highest lifetime cost when maintenance expenses are factored in. Over a 25-year period, maintenance costs for cedar or pressure-treated decking often exceed the initial material cost by 200-300%.
Composite and PVC products deliver better long-term value despite higher upfront costs. The minimal maintenance requirements translate to significant savings in time and money. Many of our clients report that composite decking pays for itself within 8-10 years compared to wood alternatives.
Beyond direct costs, consider how material performance affects property value. Real estate professionals consistently report that high-quality, low-maintenance decking materials add greater resale value than traditional wood options. This becomes especially relevant if you plan to sell your home within the lifespan of your deck.